Thursday, February 14, 2013

Children and Advertising


According to the article from the American Academy of Pediatrics, children younger than eight years old are defenseless against advertising. The fact that children are so defenseless to the marketing ploys of companies, The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) held hearings, reviewed existing research, and decided that it was unfair and deceptive to advertise to children six years old and younger. Even though they found that this was unfair, they did not ban these advertisements altogether because they thought that this would be impractical. However, even though advertisements like this were not banned in the USA, there have been several other countries that have implemented bans directed at advertisements for children. These include not showing children-specific ads after a particular time, or forbidding them altogether.
           
For quite some time now, companies have used tricky tactics to get their message to young children. Product placement, using movie and TV show characters as toys in restaurant meals, and celebrity endorsement are just a few examples of marketing techniques that are very effective towards children. There is also a connection between TV and the Internet, with many channels and shows encouraging a child to log onto their website (which is easy to do without the help of a parent). A lot of advertising is aimed at getting children to convince their parents they need something, which is very effective.
The purpose of television is more than just pure entertainment; it’s a vehicle to create a desire to consume advertisers’ products. Because of this, both educators and parents need to be aware of how advertising through these mediums influences children’s well-being and overall health.
While there has been several major studies on how advertising by cigarette and alcohol companies affects children. Recently, there has been a movement towards studying the correlation between food advertisements, specifically junk food, and the rising rate of childhood obesity and their unhealthy decision-making.
According to Jennifer Harris, the director of marketing initiatives at the Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, “children and teenagers see 12 to 14 food ads on television every day on average in the United States”. In one study, researchers told 3 to 5 year old children to choose between two hamburgers based on which one tasted better. These products were essentially identical in taste and quality. The only difference was that one option was wrapped in a McDonald’s wrapper. An overwhelming number of children ultimately chose the McDonald’s wrapped product. This was true for several other types of food including French fries, baby carrots, or even milk. Their results suggest a current positive relationship between the success of food advertising and childhood obesity.
In another study in Canada, researchers “found that a 32-year ban on fast-food advertising to kids in electronic and print media in Quebec resulted in a 13 percent reduction in fast-food expenditures and an estimated 2 billion to 4 billion fewer calories consumed by children in the province.” (For the full article: http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/13/ban-on-advertising-to-children-linked-to-lower-obesity-rates/)

Some other related links
Check out the link for an informative infographic on just how much of an impact advertisement has on children, broken down by age.
For parents interested in further reading on the topic or tactics on how to help your children process advertiser’s messages, click below:
-This YouTube video gives a great description on the impact of food advertising on childhood obesity in America.
-This article gives a general overview of the amount of hours children watch TV and the relationship between those hours and obesity.  The relationship described in this infographic was interesting in the way it compares the amount of TV, video games, etc the children plays in relationship to the amount of unhealthy meals they consume.
-This article summarizes the fact that children’s obesity in all ages has increased from 1980 to 2008. They showed 20 children 60 familiar food logos and 60 nonfamiliar food logos and recorded how their brains responded. They found a pretty predictable discovery when comparing responses from obese children to healthy children. 

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